{"id":45724,"date":"2024-03-01T19:37:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-02T01:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.project44.com\/blog\/demeler-les-ramifications-mondiales-des-litiges-en-mer-rouge-sur-le-transport-les-couts-et-le-commerce\/"},"modified":"2024-09-09T11:36:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T16:36:18","slug":"demeler-les-ramifications-mondiales-des-litiges-en-mer-rouge-sur-le-transport-les-couts-et-le-commerce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.project44.com\/fr\/blog\/demeler-les-ramifications-mondiales-des-litiges-en-mer-rouge-sur-le-transport-les-couts-et-le-commerce\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9m\u00ealer les ramifications mondiales des litiges en mer Rouge sur le transport, les co\u00fbts et le commerce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ces derniers temps, les combats en mer Rouge ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis importants dans le secteur maritime mondial. Les ramifications s’\u00e9tendent bien au-del\u00e0 de la r\u00e9gion proche, influen\u00e7ant divers aspects de la cha\u00eene d’approvisionnement internationale. Ce billet de blog explore l’augmentation des co\u00fbts, l’augmentation des temps de transit et les impacts de grande envergure sur le commerce mondial cons\u00e9quents \u00e0 la crise de la mer Rouge.<\/p>

\"Feb<\/figure>

Augmentation des co\u00fbts <\/u><\/strong><\/h2>

Surtension des taux de transport <\/h4>

Les taux de transport entre l’Asie et les \u00c9tats-Unis ont subi des fluctuations depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise en mer Rouge. Bien que la voie de navigation de la mer Rouge ne soit pas utilis\u00e9e, les co\u00fbts ont fortement augment\u00e9. Selon CNBC, les tarifs de l’Asie \u00e0 la c\u00f4te Est ont augment\u00e9 de 146\u00a0%, tandis que ceux de la c\u00f4te Ouest ont enregistr\u00e9 une augmentation vertigineuse de 186\u00a0%. <\/p>

Itin\u00e9raires \u00e9tendus et co\u00fbts op\u00e9rationnels <\/h4>

Choisir de parcourir la mer Rouge en voyageant autour du cap de Bonne-Esp\u00e9rance ajoute environ 9000 km (environ 5592,34 mi) au parcours d’un navire. Ce d\u00e9tour peut entra\u00eener une augmentation du temps de transit de 7 \u00e0 20 jours, en fonction de la vitesse du navire. Freightwaves note qu’un navire-citerne Panamax voyageant entre 20 et 25 n\u0153uds \/ heure utilise 63 000 gallons de carburant marin par jour. Avec 7 jours de temps de transit suppl\u00e9mentaires, les navires de redirection encourent 441 000 gallons de carburant suppl\u00e9mentaires, ce qui augmente de mani\u00e8re significative les co\u00fbts op\u00e9rationnels. Il y a \u00e9galement des co\u00fbts augment\u00e9s associ\u00e9s <\/p>

<\/p>

Augmentation du temps de transit <\/u><\/strong><\/h2>

Baisse des volumes en mer Rouge <\/h4>

Pour \u00e9viter la mer Rouge, la plupart des navires ont choisi des itin\u00e9raires alternatifs, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 une chute de plus de 60\u00a0% des volumes de transport maritime depuis le d\u00e9but de la crise. Les donn\u00e9es de project44 ont identifi\u00e9 562 retraits de navires, ce qui refl\u00e8te la gravit\u00e9 de la situation. <\/p>

\"26<\/figure>

Changements dans les horaires des navires <\/h4>

Les transporteurs qui empruntent ces itin\u00e9raires alternatifs doivent faire face \u00e0 des retards pr\u00e9vus de 10 \u00e0 12 jours, ce qui a un impact sur la planification des transporteurs. Les transporteurs ajustent le calendrier sur ces voies et ajoutent un nombre m\u00e9dian de 9 \u00e0 12 jours en fonction de la voie. <\/p>

\"26<\/figure>

Tandis que les cargaisons qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 redirig\u00e9es atterrissent \u00e0 des destinations finales, nous observons des augmentations significatives des temps de transit m\u00e9dians, la plupart des voies voyant une quantit\u00e9 m\u00e9diane de 10 jours en temps de transit suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/p>

\"26<\/figure>

Voici quelques exemples d’augmentation du temps de transit au niveau des ports, ce qui poursuit la tendance observ\u00e9e dans le graphique ci-dessus au niveau r\u00e9gional.<\/p>

\"26<\/figure>

Impacts <\/u><\/strong><\/h2>

Probl\u00e8mes d\u2019inventaire en aval <\/h4>

L’augmentation impr\u00e9vue du temps de transit a laiss\u00e9 les entreprises aux prises avec des probl\u00e8mes de stock en aval. Des entreprises op\u00e9rant sur des cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement juste \u00e0 temps (JIT), telles que Tesla, Volvo et Whirlpool, ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 annonc\u00e9 des perturbations de fabrication en raison de p\u00e9nuries de pi\u00e8ces. L’ajustement des processus de commande pour le temps de transit prolong\u00e9 ou la reprise des exp\u00e9ditions par la mer Rouge est crucial pour att\u00e9nuer ces perturbations. <\/p>

Inflation <\/h4>

L’augmentation des co\u00fbts de transport peut forcer les entreprises \u00e0 absorber les pertes de revenus ou \u00e0 all\u00e9ger la charge des clients par des augmentations de prix. Il y a \u00e9galement une probabilit\u00e9 de p\u00e9nuries d’approvisionnement, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant une opportunit\u00e9 pour les entreprises ou les individus d’acheter des stocks limit\u00e9s et de les revendre pour des marges extr\u00eames. Ce comportement a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 pendant la pand\u00e9mie de COVI-19 avec des marchandises allant des besoins quotidiens comme le papier toilette, aux besoins en EPI comme les masques et aux produits de luxe comme les Nintendo Switches et les PlayStation 5. Heureusement, ces p\u00e9nuries devraient \u00eatre beaucoup plus limit\u00e9es, car les usines continuent de produire et les marchandises sont toujours exp\u00e9di\u00e9es, juste \u00e0 un rythme plus lent qu’avant les conflits. <\/p>

Perturbations des approvisionnements alimentaires mondiaux <\/h4>

L’International Food Policy Research Institute avertit des perturbations potentielles des approvisionnements alimentaires mondiaux. L’impact de l’inflation sur les prix des denr\u00e9es alimentaires, ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 la guerre en Ukraine qui affecte le commerce du bl\u00e9, pourrait s’\u00e9tendre aux exportations de bl\u00e9 en provenance de Russie et de l’UE. Les pays d\u00e9pendants de ces r\u00e9gions, comme l’Afrique de l’Est, pourraient faire face \u00e0 des p\u00e9nuries de bl\u00e9. L’\u00c9rythr\u00e9e, la Somalie et le Pakistan, qui d\u00e9pendent de ces sources pour plus de 80\u00a0% de leur bl\u00e9, sont les plus vuln\u00e9rables. <\/p>

Impacts \u00e9conomiques en \u00c9gypte <\/h4>

L’\u00c9gypte, o\u00f9 se trouve le Canal de Suez, subit de graves impacts Avec des navires redirig\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter la mer Rouge, l’\u00c9gypte a \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin d’une baisse stup\u00e9fiante de 40 \u00e0 50\u00a0% de ses revenus. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que le canal rapporte des milliards de dollars par an, il s’agit d’une importante somme d’argent qui manque \u00e0 l’industrie \u00e9gyptienne. La crise a affect\u00e9 non seulement les navires citernes, mais \u00e9galement les lignes de croisi\u00e8re, les navires citernes et divers autres navires qui \u00e9vitent la r\u00e9gion. <\/p>

R\u00e9sultat <\/u><\/strong><\/h2>

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, les combats en mer Rouge se propagent \u00e0 travers la cha\u00eene d’approvisionnement mondiale, entra\u00eenant des perturbations, des co\u00fbts accrus et des s\u00e9quelles de grande ampleur. Alors que les parties prenantes naviguent dans ces eaux troubl\u00e9es, l’adaptation et la planification strat\u00e9gique deviennent imp\u00e9ratives pour r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la temp\u00eate et maintenir la r\u00e9silience de l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me commercial international. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ces derniers temps, les combats en mer Rouge ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis importants dans le secteur maritime mondial. Les ramifications s’\u00e9tendent bien au-del\u00e0 de la r\u00e9gion proche, influen\u00e7ant…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":18302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[484,542,597],"tags":[],"blog_type":[596],"class_list":["post-45724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prestataires-de-services-logistiques","category-transporteurs","category-transporteurs-fr","blog_type-mises-a-jour-de-lindustrie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9m\u00ealer les ramifications mondiales des litiges en mer Rouge sur le transport, les co\u00fbts et le commerce | project44<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.project44.com\/fr\/blog\/demeler-les-ramifications-mondiales-des-litiges-en-mer-rouge-sur-le-transport-les-couts-et-le-commerce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9m\u00ealer les ramifications mondiales des litiges en mer Rouge sur le transport, les co\u00fbts et le commerce\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ces derniers temps, les combats en mer Rouge ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis importants dans le secteur maritime mondial. 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