What is full truckload (FTL)?

A full truckload (FTL) is a mode of freight transportation where an entire truck trailer is dedicated to a single shipment. Unlike less-than-truckload (LTL) shipping — where multiple shippers share space on the same truck — FTL is used when a shipment is large enough to fill a trailer on its own or when a business chooses to reserve the entire vehicle for efficiency, speed, or security.

In supply chain management, FTL is a cornerstone transportation option, offering faster transit times and reduced handling, making it ideal for high-volume, high-value, or time-sensitive shipments.

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How full truckload works in the supply chain

• Capacity utilization: One shipper reserves the entire trailer, typically around 48–53 feet, regardless of whether the truck is completely full.
• Direct transit: The truck usually travels directly from the origin to the destination without intermediate stops, transfers, or cross-docking.
• Weight vs. volume considerations: A truck can be considered “full” by reaching its maximum weight capacity or by filling the available space, even if the weight limit is not reached.
• Technology enablement: Transportation management systems (TMS) and freight visibility platforms help shippers select carriers, track shipments in real time, and optimize costs.

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Why it matters

• Faster delivery times: With direct routes and fewer stops, FTL shipments often arrive quicker than LTL.
• Reduced risk of damage: Cargo remains sealed and untouched until it reaches its final destination.
• Cost efficiency at scale: For large shipments, FTL can be more economical than paying for multiple smaller LTL loads.
• Improved visibility: Real-time tracking through visibility platforms allows shippers and customers to monitor ETAs with accuracy.
• Supply chain reliability: Dedicated trucks reduce the risk of delays from multiple handling points.

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Common questions about full truckload (FTL)

What is the difference between FTL and LTL?
FTL dedicates an entire truck to one shipper’s goods, while LTL combines shipments from multiple shippers in the same truck. FTL is faster but may cost more unless the shipment is large enough to justify a full trailer.

When should a business choose FTL shipping?
FTL is ideal when shipments are large, time-sensitive, fragile, or high-value. It’s also preferred when avoiding handling and transfers is a priority.

How much space qualifies as a full truckload?
A full truckload typically ranges from 24 to 30 pallets or up to 44,000 pounds, depending on the equipment type (e.g., a 53-foot dry van or reefer trailer).

Is FTL always more expensive than LTL?
Not necessarily. While FTL rates are higher per truck, they can be more cost-effective for large shipments compared to paying for multiple smaller LTL shipments.

Can FTL shipments be tracked in real time?
Yes. Modern TMS and supply chain visibility platforms provide real-time location and ETA tracking for FTL shipments, allowing businesses to stay informed and proactive.

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Putting it all together

Full truckload (FTL) shipping is one of the most common and efficient transportation methods in supply chain management. By dedicating an entire truck to a single shipment, businesses gain faster transit times, reduced handling risk, and greater reliability — especially for large, heavy, or sensitive goods.

When combined with modern transportation management systems and visibility platforms, FTL offers a powerful way to optimize efficiency, reduce risk, and deliver an improved customer experience.

In short: full truckload (FTL) is a transportation method where a single shipment occupies an entire truck, offering speed, security, and cost efficiency for high-volume freight in the supply chain.